Ashura is one of the most spiritually significant days in the Islamic calendar. Observed on the 10th day of Muharram—the first month of the Islamic year—it holds deep historical, religious, and emotional meaning for Muslims around the world. Whether you’re Sunni or Shia, Ashura is a day that calls for introspection, compassion, and a renewed connection with faith.

The Historical Background of Ashura

The word Ashura means “tenth” in Arabic, referring to the 10th day of Muharram. The day is observed by both Sunni and Shia Muslims, though the reasons and practices may differ slightly between the two branches of Islam.

For Sunni Muslims

Sunni Muslims remember Ashura primarily for the day when Prophet Musa (Moses) and the Children of Israel were saved from Pharaoh’s tyranny by the miraculous parting of the Red Sea. When Prophet Muhammad ﷺ migrated to Madinah and learned that Jews were fasting on this day in gratitude, he encouraged Muslims to fast on Ashura too, adding that they should also fast an extra day (either the 9th or 11th) to differentiate from the Jewish tradition.

“Fasting on the day of Ashura, I hope, will expiate for the sins of the previous year.”
— Sahih Muslim

For Shia Muslims

For Shia Muslims, Ashura marks the martyrdom of Imam Hussain ibn Ali (RA), the beloved grandson of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, in the tragic Battle of Karbala in 680 AD. His sacrifice against injustice and tyranny is remembered with deep sorrow, public processions, and acts of devotion.

Recommended Acts on the Day of Ashura

1. Fasting

Fasting on the 10th of Muharram is highly recommended in Islam. Many Muslims fast on the 9th and 10th or 10th and 11th of Muharram to follow the Prophet’s teachings.

2. Offering Extra Prayers

Muslims are encouraged to engage in Nafl (voluntary) prayers on this day to seek closeness to Allah and ask for forgiveness.

3. Giving Charity

Charitable acts on Ashura are greatly rewarded. Feeding the poor, helping those in need, and giving to worthy causes is a beautiful way to honour the day.

4. Reciting Dua Ashura

One of the widely recognized practices among Muslims is the recitation of dua ashura. This supplication is filled with praises of Allah, expressions of reliance on Him, and a heartfelt plea for protection, mercy, and forgiveness. Many believe that reciting dua ashura brings blessings, peace, and spiritual upliftment on this sacred day.

Though not found in primary hadith sources, many Muslims include dua ashura in their personal worship as part of their heartfelt devotion and connection to the spiritual nature of the day.

Tip: When reciting any dua, including dua ashura, do so with sincerity and understanding of its meanings. It’s not just the words, but the heart that matters most.

Lessons from the Day of Ashura

1. Standing Up for Justice

Imam Hussain’s (RA) stance in Karbala teaches us that standing up for what is right, even in the face of great loss, is a cornerstone of Islamic character.

2. Gratitude and Reliance on Allah

The story of Prophet Musa (AS) reminds us that deliverance comes from Allah alone. No matter how difficult life gets, Allah’s help is near.

3. Self-Reflection and Repentance

Ashura is not only a day to remember the past but to evaluate the present. How can we improve? How can we serve others? What sins must we turn away from?

Conclusion

Ashura for Muslims is more than just a date on the calendar—it’s a spiritual milestone that invites deep reflection, remembrance, and renewal of faith. Whether through fasting, giving charity, or reciting dua ashura, this day gives every Muslim an opportunity to reconnect with the core values of Islam: justice, mercy, and piety.

As we observe Ashura this year, let us do so with hearts full of remembrance, compassion, and commitment to walking in the footsteps of those who stood for truth.